Yerevan, 15.June.2025,
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BREAKING


Microorganisms: ген AMY1 влияет на риск развития кариеса при потреблении крахмала

SOCIETY

Ученые из Корнельского университета установили, что у людей с множественными копиями гена AMY1 повышен риск развития кариеса вследствие употребления крахмалистых продуктов, таких как картофель, хлеб и кукуруза. Результаты исследования опубликованы в журнале Microorganisms.

Ученые собрали образцы слюны у 31 человека с различными количествами копий AMY1 в ДНК и добавили в них крахмал, чтобы увидеть, как изменится бактериальный состав. Оказалось, что при носительстве нескольких копий AMY1 крахмал значительно снижает количество двух бактерий — Atopobium и Veillonella, в то время как доля стрептококков увеличивается.

По словам исследователей, все три типа бактерий связаны с заболеваниями полости рта, однако основная роль в развитии кариеса отводится именно Streptococcus.

Отмечается, что микробиом полости рта эволюционировал вместе с увеличением количества копий AMY1. Множественные копии этого гена встречаются у представителей популяций с долгой историей сельского хозяйства, основанного на выращивании крахмалистых продуктов.

Ученые объяснили, что дублирование AMY1 помогает эффективно расщеплять крахмал, получая больше питательных веществ из пищи, богатой этим углеводом. Однако такая «восприимчивость» влечет за собой увеличение популяции стрептококков, питающихся сахарами, содержащимися в крахмале.

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